What is ROM and how does it work?
ROM is a non
volatile memory. This means that it is a memory device or storage medium that
stores information permanently.
The full
form of ROM is "Read Only Memory". I told you about this in the
previous article, this is only part of the primary memory of the computer. So a
little more reminder that there are two types of memory in a computer, Primary
and Secondary, Primary Memory are of two types, one is RAM and the other is
ROM.
What is ROM
?
Its full
name is Read Only Memory by its name, you must be knowing that we can just read
this memory. There is a fixed program in it (or Permanent Memory can say), we
cannot change this program easily, as the correct answer is when you buy a
computer, there is already a BIOS program in it.
What is ROM and how does it work?
It helps to
turn on the system and with this it links BOIS Computer and Operating System.
So this BIOS
already resides in the new computer and the memory in which it resides is the
name of the ROM and an example is FIRMWARE Software program which is attached
to the hardware. And the program that is in Firmware also stays in a Rom Chip.
This memory
is also called Non-Volatile Memory. This memory is created only when computers
are created. ROMs are not just used in computers or mobiles, we can use them in
some other electronic devices as well.
Such as
WASHING Machine, Microwave Oven, TV, AC, Lift Vagera. So due to changing
technology, ROMs also have different types. We will talk about this further in
Types of ROM.
Topic
sequence
· Characteristics of ROM:-
· Types of ROM
· 1.Masked Read Only Memory
· 2.Programmable Read Only Memory
· 3.Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
· 4.Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
· How does ROM work?
· Advantages Of ROM
Characteristics
of ROM
Let us now
consider the features of ROM.
• ROM is a
permanent memory or permanent memory.
• It stores
all the basic Functionality instructions of the computer.
• ROMs are
readable only. Meaning that only the information in it can be read.
• Talking
about the price, ROMs are cheaper than RAM.
• ROM uses
very less energy, while they are very reliable.
Types of
ROM
There are
some Sabbaths in this article like Data, Instruction, Program all means one, do
not be confused and one term is "Programmed". It means that these are
very many commands that do a task, like a software does. .
In the same
way, here on Computer, the work of doing Computer On is done by a software
program, whose name is Firmware which resides in ROM. By the way, there are 4
types of ROM which are given below and their information is also there.
MROM (Masked Read Only Memory)
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
EPROM (Erasable and Programmable
Read-Only Memory)
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and
Programmable Read-Only Memory)
1.Masked
Read Only Memory
This is the
first ROM, it is not used at all in today's world. This is Read Only Memory
Hard Wired Devices. In which there was a lot of pre-programmed data and
Instruction Store. Such memory used to be quite expensive. At that time, MROM
will not be available anywhere.
2.Programmable
Read Only Memory
This is such
a Read Only Memory, which we can change only once. Changing on here means
putting some new program in PROM and an update to it is also said. Once
updated, no one can update it again.
User Blank
PROM is purchased and then the Instruction that wants to be inserted in it can
be inserted (Instruction means there are some commands which do some work).
There are
small fuses in this memory, in which Instruction is inserted through
programming. Once it is programmed, you cannot erase it again.
3.Erasable
and Programmable Read Only Memory
There is
another type of this ROM, its specialty is that we can also Erase it and can
also be programmed again. The way to erase this memory is quite different, in
which you pass this memory up to 40 Minute with Ultra Violet Light, then it is
empty.
We know a
little more in detail, "EPROM Eraser" is also used to achieve this
work. While Programming, (Programming means updating or inserting some new
program) Charge has to be inserted in it, which is kept for more than 10 years
because there is no way to get out of Charge. Therefore, it remains inside that
memory.
So to erase
this charge (instruction), Ultra Violet Light is passed through Quartz Crystal
Window (lid). With the effect of this light, all Charge Erase is more. Here was
some information about Erasable and Programmable ROM.
4.Electrically
Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
Due to
change of technology, Read Only Memory also needed to be changed again and
again.
Because of
this memory was used. Its specialty is that we can Erase and programmed it 10
thousand times and within just 4 to 10 Millisecond we can also Erase and
Programmed it.
We can
select any location of memory in it and we can Erase and Programmed the same.
We do not need to empty the entire Chip. Because of this Advantage, it is an
EEPROM pedestal but is slow.
So till now
you know what ROM is (what is ROM) and types of ROM in , now you know about its
benefits.
How does
ROM work?
Whenever we
switch on the computer, there is not much difference between your computer and
a rock. Meaning both of them have the same computing power.
Therefore,
there is something that should be inside your computer that tells him that
other hardwares like keyboard, mouse, disk drive are all attached to it.
This is
generically called "BIOS" (Basic Input Output System). Even though
initially your computer is not so smart, but these BIOS chips that are in the
computer help the computer to access all the startup routines that are stored
in a disk drive, and that includes RAM. Used for all types of computations.
These BIOS
are stored on a ROM chip, otherwise the computer will know how to do it with
other hardwares associated.
Like RAM,
ROM chips also have grids of columns and rows. But where these columns and rows
intersect, they are fundamentally different in these ROM chips compared to RAM
chips.
Where RAM
uses transistors to turn a capacitor on or off, to access it in intersection,
while ROM diode is used to connect these lines if they have a value of 1. The
same if their value The lines are not connected at all if they are 0.
For the ROM
chip to function correctly, it is very important that its programming be
completely perfect and it is also important to have complete data with it when
the chip is being created. This is because you cannot reprogram or rewrite a
standard ROM chip again.
If something
goes wrong or you have to update any data, then you have to change the ROM or
make a new one. Therefore, it is very difficult to create the original template
of ROM Chip, while a lot of trial and error is done in it.
Advantages
Of ROM
So now you
know, what are the benefits of ROM, then it would be understandable to
understand all the above information.
1. Its nature is Non-Volatile, which
keeps the program permanently.
2. Its data does not change
automatically, only the data changes by changing it.
3. It is cheaper than RAM.
4. Are more reliable than RAM. Because
the data remains in RAM as long as the power supply remains.
5. It is stable and there is no need to
refresh it again and again.
6. There is a lot of thinking and
putting data in it, which we cannot change again and again.
I hope you all like our this topic and share with your
friends. J
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